July 3, 2010 Rev 1
TECHNICAL NOTE 54: DIRECT IMPINGEMENT VERSUS PISTON DRIVE
PURPOSE: To compare the merits of internal and external piston drive systems.
FACTS: The AR-15/M16 and the AR-10 family of rifles employ a unique gas powered operating system patented by Eugene Stoner in the 1950s. This gas operating system works by passing high pressure propellant gasses tapped from the barrel down a tube and
into the carrier group within the upper receiver, and is commonly but incorrectly referred to as a
Piston ARs shine when shooting FA or supressed. Especially supressed - the amount of blowback the shooter receives is substantially less with a piston AR vice DI. Less blowback down the bore means less carbon and heat in the receiver, which enhances reliability.
Piston proponents like to talk about increased reliability across the spectrum, and that's true with a caveat. IF the manufacturer has done it's due diligence and addressed carrier tilt, timing, and bolt bounce issues then a piston AR will tend to be more reliable due to where the excess gas vents as opposed to where it vents in a DI AR. Less heat and gas in the receiver means less lube burn-off. I will say this, though: If the potential AR owner's intent is to have a GP rifle for recreational use as well as SD/HD and will never drive that rifle to it's limits, his money would be better spent on a good DI AR (built to the TDP) versus a piston AR.
TANSTAAFL: The trade off for this increased reliability is weight. A piston system adds up to a pound or so to the weight of the AR and is concentrated near the muzzle, making a piston AR somewhat nose-heavy.
While I'm not a big fan of drop-in kits, I own a few piston ARs from LWRCi and POF and they've been marvelously reliable and accurate over the last several years, both supressed and unsupressed. So much so that I recently added an LWRCi REPR to the collection.
Even if you aren't a piston AR fan, you have to laud companies like LWRCi and POF for their pioneering use of modern materials and metal treatments to enhance the reliability of all ARs. Seven years ago the use of CHF barrels, nitro-carburization and nickle-boron surface treatments were unheard of in the AR world. Now they're fairly common-place on many top-tier ARs.
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